As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases
Introducing Non Toxic Waffle Maker can be challenging due to the wide range available. Whether you’re taken in by luscious Belgian treats or prefer traditional American comfort styles, we’ve got you covered. We’re diving deep into each waffle maker on the market, highlighting significant considerations ranging from waffle type, design, controls, indicators, ease of cleaning, and more. Arm yourself with knowledge and make the most apt choice for your cozy kitchen mornings. We’ll also shed some light on non-toxic waffle makers to ensure you are serving healthy and scrumptious breakfast delights. Navigating through various brands and models can be daunting, hence we’ve answered some frequent questions for you.
Let’s explore the world of waffle makers together: their beauty, utility, and role in crafting your perfect breakfast. Let’s embark on this delicious journey and reveal the secrets of acquiring and properly maintaining your dream waffle maker. After all, transforming your breakfast into a lip-smacking experience goes beyond just the batter; it’s also about the right equipment and its right use.
What Makes A Waffle Maker Non-Toxic?
What forms the essential nucleus of a waffle maker is its non-stick coating, which potentially harbors harmful chemicals such as PTFE and PFOA. Manufacturers commonly employ these chemicals to ensure the waffles don’t stick to the plates. However, these synthetic substances may release toxins when they are heated past a certain point. Thus, selecting PTFE-free and PFOA-free waffle makers aids in reducing your exposure to such harmful toxins.
Can Waffle Makers Be Toxic?
Yes, waffle makers can potentially be toxic. Toxicity primarily stems from the non-stick coating used on their plates. Traditional Teflon (also known as PTFE) and other coatings can release toxic fumes if overheated, posing a risk to both the environment and your health. Additionally, waffle makers may also harbor PFOA, a substance classified as a ‘likely’ carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Both PTFE and PFOA can find their way into your food if the non-stick surface degrades or chips over time. Hence, the a growing need for safe, non-toxic waffle makers.
Identifying Non Toxic Waffle Makers
Remember, when you are purchasing a waffle maker, you should be looking for one that specifically states it’s PFOA and PTFE-free.
Additionally, it is beneficial to buy products that are explicitly tagged as eco-friendly or ‘green’ waffle makers. These appliances generally utilize ceramics or organic non-stick coatings which do not give off toxic emissions upon heating.
Another key aspect to consider is the product’s material build. Opt for a waffle maker that is chiefly constructed using food-grade substances devoid of harmful chemicals. These waffle makers often involve cast aluminum, stainless steel, or cast iron plates instead of non-stick coated ones.
Don’t forget to check the device’s heat consistency and distribution. Even heating is essential for the perfect waffle.
Do Waffle Makers Release Chemicals?
Yes, certain types of waffle makers can release chemicals, specifically from the non-stick coating used in most traditional models. When overheated, this material can release PFOA and PTFE, both of which can contaminate food and are detrimental to health, potentially leading to conditions such as cancer and other chronic diseases. Consequently, the shift towards non-toxic, safe waffle makers is becoming increasingly important amongst conscious consumers and advocates of healthier lifestyles.
Tips To Limit Exposure
Ensure to cook on lower heat settings if you are using older waffle makers that might contain PFOA or PTFE. Higher heat levels can break down the non-stick coatings more, potentially releasing more harmful chemicals.
Regularly replace your waffle maker to avoid the issue of the non-stick coating degrading over time, which can increase toxin exposure. Consciously investing in newer models that claim to be PFOA or PTFE-free would be a healthier option.
Before you make a purchase, do due diligence and conduct thorough research. Check manufacturer websites or respectable product review sites to ensure the waffle maker you are considering does not include harmful materials.
Besides using safe cooking appliances, a balanced diet alongside regular exercise also contributes greatly to maintaining good health. Enjoy your waffles, but take care to ensure the device used for cooking them is secure and non-toxic.
What Is The Safest Waffle Maker?
The safest waffle maker would be one that has clearly specified it is PFOA-free, PTFE-free, and utilizes non-toxic materials. Ideally, opt for models which employ ceramic or organic non-stick coatings, as well as food-safe stainless steel, cast aluminium or cast iron plates.
Brands like Presto, Oster, and Hamilton Beach offer eco-conscious waffle makers devoid of harmful chemicals. Breville also offers high-quality waffle makers with ‘smart’ technologies for better control over the cooking process and which predominantly use hazard-free materials.
Whichever brand or model you settle on, remember the core elements: assured non-toxic materials, even heat distribution, and a solid material build. Better safe, healthful mornings with waffles are within your grasp. So, always invest time in understanding the product’s characteristics and specifications before making the final decision. An informed choice today will ensure safer, healthier meals for tomorrow!
Clean And Maintain Your Waffle Maker Properly
Proper cleaning and maintenance of the waffle maker is another crucial step towards ensuring minimal exposure to harmful chemicals that could linger on the appliance. Whichever model you choose, be sure to check its cleaning instructions carefully. Some models may be dishwasher safe while others might require gentle hand washing. Regularly and properly cleaning your waffle maker can help extend its life and maintain its non-toxic feature.
Remember, staying safe doesn’t mean you have to compromise on delicious, fluffy, and golden brown waffles. By following these tips, you can indulge in healthy and delectable homemade waffles while keeping unwanted toxins at bay.
In conclusion, awareness and choice of non-toxic, safe waffle makers are game-changers in the culinary world. So, relish the taste of safety and health with every bite using the right appliances!
Ceramic Vs. Teflon Waffle Makers
Ceramic and Teflon-coated waffle makers each have distinct advantages and disadvantages.
Teflon coatings, while popular due to their effective non-stick properties, have been called into question due to potential health concerns. Teflon can release PTFE and PFOA if overheated, which have been linked to several health conditions. On the plus side, Teflon-coated waffle makers are usually more affordable and can produce evenly cooked waffles.
On the other hand, ceramic coatings are considered a safer alternative. Although these coatings may not always be as non-stick as their Teflon counterparts, they do not emit harmful chemicals when heated and are often described as eco-friendly. Ceramic waffle makers also tend to heat up more quickly and retain heat better, ensuring crispy and evenly cooked waffles. However, ceramic models can sometimes be more expensive and require more careful handling to prevent chipping or damage.
Product lifespan also varies with Teflon usually wearing off faster which is again, potentially harmful as the degraded coating might leach into your food. Ceramic, meanwhile, has a long lifespan if maintained well.
Therefore, it’s essential to weigh these factors and consider your own cooking preferences and health priorities when deciding between a Teflon or ceramic-coated waffle maker. Another approach is to seek out a brand that combines the benefits of both, offering safe, effective and convenient cooking options for the ideal waffle experience.
1. GreenPan Premier Multi-Grill Waffle Maker
The GreenPan Premier Multi-Grill Waffle Maker is an excellent, eco-friendly option for waffle lovers. This appliance is PFOA and PTFE-free, featuring high-quality thermal ceramic non-stick grilling plates. The ceramic coating is robust and provides impressive heat distribution leading to crispy, uniformly cooked waffles every time.
With advanced heat retention and efficient cooking time, this model reduces the chances of PFOA and PTFE chemical exposure. It’s also equipped with adjustable heat settings for complete control over the cooking process. Plus, the fact that it’s a multi-grill enhances flexibility in your breakfast menu, extending beyond waffles to grilling sandwiches, pancakes, and more.
Another appreciated feature is its easy storage design, allowing it to be stored either vertically or horizontally, helping maximize countertop or cupboard space. It is relatively compact making it an ideal choice for individuals with limited kitchen space. Its removable plates are also dishwasher-safe, making for stress-free cleaning after enjoying your waffles.
Overall, the GreenPan Premier Multi-Grill Waffle Maker stands out in health safety, performance, and convenience, making it a worthy addition to your kitchen for those heartwarming breakfast mornings!
Pros And Cons:
Pros:
High-quality ceramic non-stick grilling plates Adjustable heat settings for better cooking control Versatility – can be used as a grill and waffle maker User-Friendly Design: Compact and easy-to-store The grilling plates are dishwasher-safe Safe and eco-friendly product being free from PFOA and PTFE
Cons:
Might be pricier compared to other options on the market Need careful handling to prevent chipping or damaging the non-stick coating The waffles may not be as evenly cooked as those made in Teflon-coated waffle makers
2. BELLA Classic Belgian Waffle Maker
The BELLA Classic Belgian Waffle Maker is another amazing choice for those looking for a safe and eco-sensible appliance. It features a unique ceramic copper titanium coating which is a safe alternative to Teflon, minus the risk of PFOA and PTFE emissions. This coating also provides enhanced durability and superior heat conduction, ensuring a perfect, golden-brown waffle every time.
Its compact and space-saving design with a folding handle aids easy storage and accessibility. In addition to this, the waffle plates are removable and dishwasher safe which makes cleaning hassle-free.
Moreover, it comes with a dial to control browning so you can customize your tasty Belgian waffles, varying the cooking times and temperatures for different tastes and textures.
While the BELLA Classic Belgian Waffle Maker might lack some of the perks found in pricier models, its combination of budget-friendly price, top-notch performance, reliable ceramic coating and quick, convenient operation make this waffle maker a solid and safe choice for anyone.
Pros And Cons:
Pros:
Safety assured with ceramic copper titanium coating Budget-friendly choices Space-effective with its compact design Easy to clean with removable, dishwasher-safe plates Dial to adjust browning levels to cater to individual tastes
Cons:
Doesn’t have additional functionality beyond making waffles The handle’s quality may require improvement Some users may find difficulty in achieving consistent cooking results
3. Presto FlipSide Belgian Waffle Maker
The Presto FlipSide Belgian Waffle Maker offers a delightful blend of functionality, safety, and longevity. It features a professional-style rotating design that allows for easy flipping of your waffles, resulting in a pleasing waffle-making experience and waffles evenly cooked on both sides.
Another significant feature is its ceramic non-stick interior which is known to be more safe and durable than the usual PTFE and PFOA coatings. This property along with the high-quality construction ensures the longevity of the product.
This waffle maker’s cooking time can be conveniently tracked and controlled by an inbuilt digital timer. In addition, its compact vertical storage design and locking ability enable it to easily fit in any cabinet or pantry. Cleaning is also made simple with nonstick surfaces that can be gently wiped clean after use.
With a moderate price point and commendable features, the Presto FlipSide waffle maker strikes a fine balance between cost-effectiveness and high functionality, making it a great option worth considering for anyone searching for an excellent waffle-making experience.
Pros And Cons:
Pros:
Professional rotary feature for evenly cooked waffles Ceramic non-stick coating avoids harmful PFOA and PTFE emissions Built-in timer for ease in tracking cooking time Compact design with vertical storage option to save space Easy-to-clean nonstick interior
Cons:
Does not have removable plates for easier cleaning It is fairly large compared to others and may require ample storage space Reliable but not as durable as some other models There are no adjustable heat settings Some users may find the flip design slightly tricky to master.
4. Green Life Waffle And Sandwich Dup
The Green Life Waffle And Sandwich Duo is a multi-purpose appliance ideal for those who love variety in their breakfast routine. This model allows you to switch between waffle and sandwich grilling plates, presenting a unique two-in-one functionality.
Launching a distinctive stride into the world of waffle makers, this model features a ceramic non-stick cooking surface, superiorly constructed to minimize risks of chemical release. Plus, with singularly high heat conduction capability, this duo device ensures even cooking and a pleasing crunch to your breakfast items.
Its user-friendly interface, includes easily manageable temperature control options, enhancing cooking precision and bringing forth the finer sides of culinary delights. This duo waffle maker and sandwich grill also allows for vertical storage hence efficiently reducing cabinet or counter space required.
Despite its versatility, there have been occasional reports about its longevity. However, the innovative combination of ease, safety, and multipurpose utility makes it enhancing for the culinary enthusiast desiring diversity in the kitchen.
Pros And Cons:
Pros:
Versatility: Functions as both a waffle maker and a sandwich grill Safe ceramic non-stick surface eliminates harmful emissions High thermal conduction ensures even cooking User-friendly interface coupled with manageable temperature controls Space-saving design with vertical storage option
Cons:
Some reports regarding durability over the long period Cook times may vary Switching between plates can be slightly tricky for the initially
5. Oster Waffle Maker
The Oster Waffle Maker comes as a budget-friendly yet robust performer in the world of waffle-making appliances. Engineered with a simple yet efficient design, user convenience has been given the utmost priority in this waffle maker.
The prime feature of the Oster Waffle Maker is its adjustable temperature control system. This property enables the user to adjust the cooking heat according to preferences, ensuring well-browned, perfectly-textured waffles. The oven also boasts a durable non-stick cooking surface to ensure easy waffle-release and simplified cleaning.
Compact and lightweight, this waffle maker allows for convenient usage and easy storage. The cool-touch handle enhances safety during operation and, taken all together, these features make the user experience pleasant and hassle-free.
This waffle maker does have certain limitations such as the absence of a cook timer and the need for manual flipping. However, considering the economical pricing paired with dependable performance, the Oster Waffle Maker is a good consideration for anyone who prefers simplicity and economy above all.
Pros And Cons:
Pros:
Economy-friendly with a cost-effective price range Adjustable temperature controls allow for customized cook levels Ease of cleaning due to non-stick surface Space-saving and compact design Engineered with a cool-touch handle for safe operation.
Cons:
No inbuilt cook timer The need for manual flipping of waffles might add to the inconvenience Durability could be improved A single waffle mold; lacks multiple grid options.
6. CRUX Double Rotating Waffle Maker
The CRUX Double Rotating Waffle Maker is perfectly designed for those who need to churn out multiple servings in less time. This waffle maker leverages a double-rotating waffle system that lets you cook two waffles at a time, maximizing your waffle output and magically multiplying moments of gastronomic delight.
Positioned front and center of its design is a sturdy and durable build coupled with reliable non-stick-coated plates. This non-stick feature ensures a seamless, easy release of the waffles and simplifies the cleaning process enormously, cutting down on tedious post-cooking cleanup.
Further enhancing your cooking experience, this appliance comes with an adjustable temperature control that allows you to determine and maintain the perfect cooking temperature for your fluffy or crunchy waffles.
Joining the brigade of capable features is a backlit ‘Ready’ light, which notifies you when the waffle maker has reached the preset temperature and when your waffles are fully cooked and ready to serve.
Despite its bountiful aspects, the CRUX Double Rotating Waffle Maker has its own set of challenges. Its considerable size may impose storage issues and the lack of a timer may prove mind-boggling for some users. However, the ability to cook two waffles at once proves an unmatched boon, making it a worthy contender in waffle maker options.
Pros And Cons:
Pros:
Double rotating system for increased productivity Adjustable temperature controls and ready lights enhance cooking precision Non-stick coated plates facilitate easy release of waffles and easy cleaning Durable construction for long-lasting performance.
Cons:
Large size may pose storage challenges Lacks built-in timer which may require extra attention during cooking Only capable of making one design of waffle.
7. Lot45 Cast Iron Waffle Maker
The Lot45 Cast Iron Waffle Maker brings a traditional twist to waffle making. Perfect for anyone looking for an old-fashioned, rustic waffle-making experience, this cast iron tool is ideal for camping trips, and outdoor grill parties and can even be used on a stovetop.
Unlike the other waffle makers on this list, this model does not involve electrical components and features a straightforward, no-fuss operation – perfect for those who prefer minimalist, yet functional kitchen tools. The cast-iron construction is durable, long-lasting, and tends to distribute heat evenly, producing perfectly cooked waffles every time.
One key advantage of the Lot45 Cast Iron Waffle Maker is its ability to be heated on varied heat sources like gas, coal or firewood. This unmatched versatility means you can use it anywhere, from the comfort of your kitchen to the great outdoors. Moreover, it sports a user-friendly handle, making the flipping and turning of the waffles an easy task.
However, this tool does not come without its setbacks. For one, the non-electric nature of the device means that it has no built-in thermostat for temperature control. Furthermore, it misses the convenience of a non-stick surface, making the cleaning task somewhat demanding.
Pros And Cons:
Pros:
The traditional cast-iron design provides a unique waffle-making experience Versatile heating options allow for use on various sources User-friendly handle makes flipping waffles easy Durable and robust design ensures long-lasting usability.
Cons:
Lacks temperature control, given its non-electrical nature Absence of a non-stick surface and adds to the cleaning task Cannot make multiple waffles at once Needs more careful handling due to its cast-iron build.
8. MOONXOOK Belgian Waffle Maker
The MOONXOOK Belgian Waffle Maker is a chic and contemporary appliance focused on delivering delicious Belgian-style waffles in the comfort of your home. Its sleek design is complemented by powerful performance, making it an excellent addition to any kitchen.
Accentuating this vibrant package is the adjustable temperature control dial and LED indicator lights. The temperature control assures even cooking and desired browning and crispness. The LED lights keep you on schedule by signaling when the iron is ready to use and when the waffles are cooked, thereby reducing any surfing guesswork.
The waffle maker’s high-quality non-stick surface ensures a breezy release of your ready-to-serve waffles while the overflow tray effectively catches any batter spills, making clean-up a rather straightforward process. Moreover, it comes in a compact design and sports cool-touch handles that prevent any potential burns during operation.
Faults-wise, the MOONXOOK Belgian Waffle Maker may disappoint some users due to its single waffle mold, positioning it as a less efficient choice for those who wish to prepare multiple servings at once. Additionally, it could have benefited from a built-in timer feature.
Pros And Cons:
Pros:
Stylish design encompassing powerful performance Easy-to-use adjustable temperature control with LED indicator lights Non-stick surface and overflow tray facilitate easy cleaning Safety ensured through the cool-touch handles Compact design expands its usability.
Cons:
Single waffle mold may not cater to the required productivity level Lacks a built-in timer Limited design options for making waffles Might benefit from a batter measuring cup for precision.
9. Breville Smart Waffle: Non Toxic Waffle Maker
The Breville Smart Waffle takes the hassle out of making perfect waffles with its advanced and user-friendly features. It is renowned for its innovative and intelligent design, making it a standout product in the sea of waffle makers.
This appliance sets itself apart with the unique ‘Waffle IQ’ technology, which automatically calculates the correct baking time for your specifically selected waffle style and color. This feature provides you with greater control over the texture and doneness of your waffles. It also features a digital LCD control panel, which lets you customize your cooking and displays your selection and cooking time specifically.
The Breville Smart Waffle excels in terms of user convenience too with its ‘A Bit More’ function. It allows for extending the cooking time slightly if your waffles need just a hint more to golden perfection. PFOA-free non-stick cooking plates assure easy release of waffles as well as simple cleaning. This waffle maker also comes with a wide wrap-around drip tray, which prevents batter overflow from soiling your countertop.
But even the smartest of waffle makers have shortcomings, and the Breville Smart Waffle, it includes a somewhat hefty price, making it not the ideal choice for budget-conscious buyers. Its bulky design might take a considerable portion of your counter space which could pose another disadvantage.
Pros And Cons:
Pros:
Embedded ‘Waffle IQ’ technology for automatic baking time calculation Digital LCD panel for personalized cooking options ‘Bit More’ feature allows slight extension of the baking time Non-stick cooking plates and wide drip tray enhance cleaning convenience High-end technology adds a premium finish to the experience.
Cons:
The high price tag could detract budget-conscious buyers Takes up significant counter space due to its bulky design Could be complex to operate for users favoring simplicity Limited to only making four square waffles at a time.
10. Cuisinart Double Belgian Waffle Maker
The Cuisinart Double Belgian Waffle Maker takes waffle making to a whole new level with its exceptional double-sided feature. Its innovative design allows you to make two Belgian waffles simultaneously, drastically reducing the cooking time, especially in scenarios where multiple servings are required.
Not only does this appliance win at practicality but it stuns in its outstanding functionality too; with its easy-to-navigate rotary feature, you can flip each waffle for evenly distributed heat. Its precision dial control ensures perfect customization for both browning and crispness on every batch of these gorgeously thick waffles.
The Cuisinart Double Belgian Waffle Maker also comes equipped with 2 LED-ready indicators, respectively signaling when each waffle is cooked to the expectant taste and when the device is ready for another round of batter. For easier cleanup, it is designed with a layer of non-stick coating on the cooking plates as well as a drip tray for capturing any unsightly batter overflow.
Despite these features, it needs ample countertop space due to its double-sided design. The lack of a built-in timer also leads to a bit of guesswork regarding cooking time.
Pros And Cons:
Pros:
Double-sided design allows simultaneous cooking of two Belgian waffles Rotary feature spreads heat evenly to the batter Precision dial control offers optimal browning and crispness Indicator lights assist with accurate timing Non-stick cooking plates and removable drip tray simplify post-cooking cleanup.
Cons:
Occupies significant counter space due to double-sided design Lacks a built-in timer for precision cooking May present a learning curve if not accustomed to the flipping mechanism Its heavyweight construction might pose handling challenges.
Buying Guide: Non Toxic Waffle Maker
When it comes to buying a Non Toxic Waffle Maker, several factors need to be considered to live up to your expectations. Quality, efficiency, user convenience, size, cooking time and price are just a few to mention. Here are some significant features to look for in order to ensure a wise purchase.
Waffle Type:
The first and foremost thing to consider is the kind of waffles you would prefer. Waffle makers are offered in different types like Belgian, traditional American, mini or novelty waffles, where each is distinctive in its thickness and crispness.
Size and Design:
The design and size of the waffle maker need to be suited to your kitchen space. If you have limited countertop space, go for a compact design. Some waffle makers are also designed with storage in mind, offering features like cord wrap or the ability to stand upright for easy stowage.
Controls and Indicators:
Choose a model with adjustable heat controls to give you flexibility in cooking. If you prefer precision, opt for makers with areas designed for inducing crispness or softness. Indicator lights or alerts are equally important, signaling when the appliance is preheated and when the waffles are done.
Non-stick Plates and Easy Cleaning:
Non-stick plates are majorly important as they prevent waffles from sticking and tearing during removal, and also make cleanup far easier. Waffle makers with removable plates are worth considering for trouble -free washing. Some models even include drip trays to catch any batter spills, effectively keeping your countertop clean.
Quality and durability:
Make sure to choose a waffle maker constructed with high-quality materials that can withstand ongoing use and heat. Stainless steel models tend to be durable, with some offering thermal-resistant handles for safe operation. Read customer reviews to assess the longevity of your chosen model.
Extra features:
Lastly, don’t overlook additional features like pour spouts, multi-functional uses (like grill or sandwich press), built-in timers, audible alerts, or flip function. These can take your waffle-making experience from good to exceptional.
Whatever your breakfast preference, or kitchen style, choosing the ideal waffle maker can involve undertaking some research into different brands, understanding their unique features and considering the available customer reviews.
A good waffle maker not only lights up your morning but also helps maintain your kitchen tidiness and efficiency, all while adding to the amplified aesthetic of your breakfast table.
Conclusion:
Buying the perfect waffle maker that encompasses both practicality and high performance might require a bit of effort, but with the right knowledge and foresight, it is definitely attainable. From busy food joints to peaceful cozy kitchens, waffle makers prove to be an indispensable companion for breakfast lovers worldwide.
Choosing a Non Toxic Waffle Maker and using it to craft delicious homemade waffles can truly elevate your breakfast experience. Make sure you consider factors like the device’s size and design, type of controls and indicators, whether it has non-stick plates, ease of cleaning and its durability. You may also value additional features such as the ability to make different types of waffles – American or Belgian, mini or novelty, or multifunctional capabilities for grilling or sandwich pressing.
Always strive to buy high-quality and hence more durable devices; waffle makers constructed with high-quality materials like stainless steel not only last longer but also ensure you enjoy a consistent performance. Reviews can provide crucial insights about the longevity and overall quality of these appliances.
Non toxic waffle maker FAQs:
What makes a waffle maker non-toxic?
A non-toxic waffle maker does not use carcinogenic chemicals like PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic Acid) or PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) as part of its non-stick coating. Thus, it cannot leak any harmful substances into your food during cooking.
How can I identify a non-toxic waffle maker?
Look for brands and models who clearly state they do not use any harmful chemicals in their non-stick coating. You can also read user reviews and see if any concerns regarding harmful substances have been raised. Note that the label “PFOA free” or “PTFE free” is a quality assurance for non-toxicity.
Are non-toxic waffle makers expensive?
Not necessarily so. While some brands and models are pricier, due to the types of materials used in their construction or added features, there are still affordable options on the market. It always pays off to invest in non-toxic cookware for health and safety reasons.
How do I maintain non-stick coating on a waffle maker?
Make sure to handle the non-stick coating with care by avoiding sharp objects or abrasive cleaning methods. Always clean the appliance after every use, letting it cool down first, and using a soft sponge or cloth. Also, you may use some baking soda with a moist cloth to remove any stubborn stains gently. Silicone or wooden utensils can be ideal for removing waffles without scratching the coating. Regular maintenance can prolong the lifespan of any non-stick cookware, including waffle makers.
Leave a Reply